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如何搭建 MySQL 高可用高性能集群_Mysql_

2023-05-27 361人已围观

简介 如何搭建 MySQL 高可用高性能集群_Mysql_

MySQL NDB Cluster 是什么

MySQL NDB Cluster 是 MySQL 的一个高可用、高冗余版本，适用于分布式计算环境。
文档链接

搭建集群的前置工作

至少准备 3 台服务器，一台作为管理服务器，两台作为数据服务器和 SQL 服务器，当然有更多的服务器会更好。

管理服务器mgm：192.168.0.105
数据服务器ndb1：192.168.0.106
数据服务器ndb2：192.168.0.104
sql服务器：192.168.0.106
sql服务器：192.168.0.104

开始部署集群

首先下载 MySQL NDB Cluster二进制文件，解压缩后开始下面的步骤。

部署管理服务器

更新系统

 apt update -y && apt upgrade -y && apt install libncurses5 -y

复制 ndb_mgm 和 ndb_mgmd 到管理服务器

 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndb_mgm* mgm@192.168.0.105:/home/mgm

在管理服务器复制 ndb_mgm 和 ndb_mgmd 到/usr/local/bin 文件夹

 cp -rfv /home/mgm/ndb_mgm* /usr/local/bin

赋予 ndb_mgm 和 ndb_mgmd 可执行权限

 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ndb_mgm*

添加配置文件

 mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster vi /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini

config.ini

 [ndbd default] # Options affecting ndbd processes on all data nodes: NoOfReplicas=2 # Number of fragment replicas DataMemory=98M # How much memory to allocate for data storage [ndb_mgmd] # Management process options: HostName=192.168.0.105 # Hostname or IP address of management node NodeId=1 # Node ID for this Management node DataDir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster # Directory for management node log files [ndbd] # Options for data node "A": # (one [ndbd] section per data node) HostName=192.168.0.104 # Hostname or IP address NodeId=2 # Node ID for this data node DataDir=/data/mysql-cluster/data # Directory for this data node's data files [ndbd] # Options for data node "B”: # (one [ndbd] section per data node) HostName=192.168.0.106 # Hostname or IP address NodeId=3 # Node ID for this data node DataDir=/data/mysql-cluster/data # Directory for this data node's data files [mysqld] # SQL node options: HostName=192.168.0.104 # Hostname or IP address # (additional mysqld connections can be # specified for this node for various # purposes such as running ndb_restore) [mysqld] # SQL node options: HostName=192.168.0.106 # Hostname or IP address # (additional mysqld connections can be # specified for this node for various # purposes such as running ndb_restore)

开启防火墙，集群管理服务默认使用 1186 端口

 ufw allow 22 ufw allow 1186 ufw enable

初始化并启动管理服务器

 cd /usr/local/bin/ ndb_mgmd --initial --configdir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini --ndb-nodeid=1

当出现以下结果的时候，表示管理服务器已经启动成功了

 root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgmd --initial --configdir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini --ndb-nodeid=1 MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17

我们再执行 ndb_mgm 命令，可以查看当前集群的状态

 root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm -- NDB Cluster -- Management Client -- ndb_mgm> show Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186 Cluster Configuration --------------------- [ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s) id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104) id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106) [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s) id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17) [mysqld(API)] 2 node(s) id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104) id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)

部署数据服务器

在所有数据服务器上执行以下操作

更新系统

 apt update -y && apt upgrade -y && apt install libncurses5 -y

开启防火墙

 ufw allow 22 ufw allow 2202 ufw enable

复制 ndbd 和 ndbmtd 到数据服务器

 #复制到192.168.0.106 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbd ndb1@192.168.0.106:/home/ndb1 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbmtd ndb1@192.168.0.106:/home/ndb1 #复制到192.168.0.104 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbd ndb2@192.168.0.104:/home/ndb2 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbmtd ndb2@192.168.0.104:/home/ndb2

在管理服务器复制 ndbd 和 ndbmtd 到/usr/local/bin 文件夹

 #192.168.0.106 cp -rfv /home/ndb1/ndbd /usr/local/bin cp -rfv /home/ndb1/ndbmtd /usr/local/bin #192.168.0.104 cp -rfv /home/ndb2/ndbd /usr/local/bin cp -rfv /home/ndb2/ndbmtd /usr/local/bin

赋予 ndbd 可执行权限

 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ndbd chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ndbmtd

在/etc下加入my.cnf文件

 vi /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf文件

 [mysqld] # Options for mysqld process: ndbcluster # run NDB storage engine [mysql_cluster] # Options for NDB Cluster processes: ndb-connectstring=192.168.0.105 # location of management server

创建数据保存的目录，必须与管理服务配置的路径一致

 mkdir -p /data/mysql-cluster/data

启动数据服务

 root@ndb1:/usr/local/bin# ndbd 2021-06-20 08:10:23 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.0.105:1186' 2021-06-20 08:10:23 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 3

回到集群管理服务器查看集群状态，此时可以看到数据服务已经连接成功

 root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm -- NDB Cluster -- Management Client -- ndb_mgm> show Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186 Cluster Configuration --------------------- [ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s) id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104) id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, starting, Nodegroup: 0) [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s) id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17) [mysqld(API)] 2 node(s) id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104) id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)

在另一台服务器（192.168.0.104）重复 4、5、6、7 步骤的操作，结果可看到

 root@ndb2:/usr/local/bin# ndbd 2021-06-20 08:20:10 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.0.105:1186' 2021-06-20 08:20:10 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2

回到集群管理服务器查看集群状态，此时可以看到所有数据服务已经连接成功

 root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm -- NDB Cluster -- Management Client -- ndb_mgm> show Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186 Cluster Configuration --------------------- [ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s) id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *) id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0) [ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s) id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17) [mysqld(API)] 2 node(s) id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104) id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106) 在目录/data/mysql/data下面可以看到数据服务已经产生了数据 root@ndb1:~# ls /data/mysql/data/ ndb_3_fs ndb_3_out.log ndb_3.pid

部署 SQL 服务

复制 MySQL 到SQL服务器

 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz ndb2@192.168.0.104:/home/ndb2 scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz ndb1@192.168.0.106:/home/ndb1

解压缩 MySQL, 然后复制到/usr/local目录

 tar -zxvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz cp -rfv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/ ln -snf /usr/local/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin source /etc/profile

开启防火墙

 ufw allow 22 ufw allow 3306 ufw enable

创建 MySQL 数据存放的目录

 mkdir -p /data/mysql/data mkdir -p /data/mysql/run mkdir -p /var/log/mysql

创建 mysql 用户，创建相关目录

 groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data chmod 750 /data/mysql/data chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/run chmod 750 /data/mysql/run chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql chmod 750 /var/log/mysql

创建 MySQL 配置文件

 mkdir -p /etc/mysql vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf my.cnf [mysqld] # Options for mysqld process: ndbcluster # run NDB storage engine pid-file = /data/mysql/run/mysqld.pid socket = /data/mysql/run/mysqld.sock datadir = /data/mysql/data # log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # By default we only accept connections from localhost bind-address = 192.168.0.106 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent 
                
                

                

                                            
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